The urea breath test (UBT) is a non-invasive, safe and reliable test for detecting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), a bacterium that infects the stomach and is linked to gastritis, ulcers and an increased risk of stomach cancer.
The test relies on the ability of H. pylori to break down urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide (CO₂). This CO₂ is absorbed into the bloodstream and then exhaled, so the infection can be picked up by a special analyzer.
Before
Fast for at least 4–6 hours before the test. Only small sips of water are allowed.
Duration
You breathe out into a special bag so your baseline breath can be measured (baseline CO₂).
You then drink a solution of urea labeled with a carbon isotope.
Downtime
After about 15–30 minutes, a second breath sample is collected for analysis.
The test detects H. pylori based on the increased carbon dioxide the bacterium produces.
What It Detects
- The presence of H. pylori in the stomach, which can cause:
- Gastritis
- Peptic ulcers (stomach or duodenal)
- An increased risk of stomach cancer
- The test can also be used to check whether treatment has worked after a course of antibiotics.
Benefits of the Test
- Non-invasive, painless and quick.
- Highly accurate (over 95% sensitivity and specificity).
- No endoscope needed.
- Well suited to follow-up after eradication therapy.
After the Test
- You can go straight back to your usual daily activities.
- There are no restrictions on eating or driving once the test is over.
- Results are usually available within a few days and are interpreted by your gastroenterologist, who will decide whether you need treatment.
Factors That Can Affect the Result
- Taking antibiotics or PPIs before the test.
- Drinking alcohol or smoking before the test.
- Rarely, difficulty with the breath collection or unusual gastrointestinal conditions.
Following the preparation instructions carefully ensures reliable results and reduces the chance of a false negative.
Do you have questions or do you need advice ;
If you have any questions or would like to book an appointment with Dr. Zachou, contact us using the link below.