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The preparation is the part of a colonoscopy that patients dread and the part that determines whether the examination is worth doing at all. The endoscope can only show what is not covered in stool. Everything the procedure is meant to achieve, finding polyps, removing them, ruling out cancer, depends on how well the colon […]

Helicobacter pylori is a bacterium that colonises the lining of the stomach, usually in childhood, and then stays for life unless it is treated. Most people who carry it have no symptoms. A minority develop ulcers, and a smaller minority develop gastric cancer. It is the only bacterium classified by the International Agency for Research […]

Bloating is one of the most common reasons people come to a gastroenterologist, and one of the most frequently dismissed. In a study of more than 51,000 people across 26 countries, around 18% reported bloating at least once a week over a three month period. Women reported it roughly twice as often as men. It […]

Colorectal cancer is one of the few cancers that can be prevented, not just detected early. It usually develops slowly, over years, from a benign polyp that gives no symptoms at all. If that polyp is found and removed, the cancer never happens. This is the logic behind the national prevention program “Prolamvano”, which offers […]

GLP-1 receptor agonists, the class that includes semaglutide and tirzepatide, work in large part through the digestive tract. They slow gastric emptying, reduce appetite and change how quickly food moves through the stomach. That mechanism is the reason they are effective, and also the reason almost every common side effect is gastrointestinal. Most of those […]

For decades, colorectal cancer was treated as a disease of older age. Screening programmes were built around that assumption, and so was clinical instinct. A 34 year old with rectal bleeding was reassured and sent home. That assumption no longer holds. Incidence in adults under 50 has been rising steadily for roughly three decades, in […]